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Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2021
Topics: Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
PubMed: 33681937
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0758-2020 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Nov 2019Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare form of skin cancer with both basaloid and squamous morphology. Chiang et al. (2019) genetically define BSCs and demonstrate that...
Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare form of skin cancer with both basaloid and squamous morphology. Chiang et al. (2019) genetically define BSCs and demonstrate that BSCs likely originate as basal cell carcinomas that partially squamatize through accumulation of ARID1A mutations and RAS/MAPK pathway activation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Humans; Mutation; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31648686
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.011 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Oct 2021Cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma is a variant of basal cell carcinoma that is characterized by histopathological features of both basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Due...
Cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma is a variant of basal cell carcinoma that is characterized by histopathological features of both basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Due to its local invasiveness, high frequency of recurrence, and its metastatic potential, it is considered to be one of the most aggressive subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. We present the case of an 81-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with incessant hemorrhage arising from a cutaneous tumor that later proved to be a basosquamous carcinoma. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic at the time, the patient did not seek medical attention as soon as the bleeding was observed, although he did present when the symptom increased in intensity and became incessant. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma that presents with a massive life-threatening hemorrhage tumor, thus endangering the patient's life. The clinical and histopathological features, the behavior and the treatment of cutaneous basosquamous carcinoma are further reviewed in this article.
PubMed: 34504603
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10592 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Jan 2022Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, involving the skin. It is also part of keratinocyte carcinomas, alongside its squamous... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, involving the skin. It is also part of keratinocyte carcinomas, alongside its squamous counterpart. It has low mortality and extremely low metastatic rates (although when present, it indicates a poor patient prognosis); it also has a high morbidity rate through local destruction and recurrence, particularly when perineural invasion is observed, clinically or histopathologically. BCC development is the result of environmental and patient factors, with genetics and ultraviolet radiation playing major roles. The clinical and histopathological aspects vary according to tumor subtype, being classified as high-risk tumors (nodular, superficial, pigmented and infundibulocystic BCC with adnexal differentiation) and fibroepithelial subtypes, or as high-risk tumors (micronodular, infiltrating, sclerosing/morphoeic and basosquamous subtype or the type with sarcomatoid differentiation). Dermoscopy is now complimented by novel diagnostic tools (optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy, high-resolution ultrasonography, Raman spectroscopy or terahertz pulse imaging), improving the diagnostic accuracy and providing tumor depth and lateral margins without the use of invasive techniques. Novel treatment approaches for the treatment of BCC have recently been investigated with the use of hedgehog pathway inhibitors, such as Vismodegib. These approaches aim for complete resolution, minimal side-effects, high patient satisfaction with the optimal cosmetic results, particularly in key areas, such as the face. The present review article summarizes and discusses the comprehensive clinical and histopathological aspects of BCC, and presents novel imaging tools and therapeutic approaches that have been identified.
PubMed: 34917186
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10982 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2015Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare tumor entity, and the most common onset is in the head and neck region (BSC-HN). The data on diagnosis, treatment, and especially...
OBJECTIVES
Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare tumor entity, and the most common onset is in the head and neck region (BSC-HN). The data on diagnosis, treatment, and especially risk assessment concerning disease course and outcome are deficient or inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for local relapse (LR) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) and their impact on progression-free survival (PFS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a retrospective monocentric study, patients with BSC-HN treated between 1999 and 2011 were analyzed regarding clinical and histologic characteristics. Prognostic parameters for LR, LNM, and PFS were evaluated. In total, 89 patients (55 male, 34 female, mean age of 71.8 years) with a mean follow-up time of 47.7 months (range 12-112) were included.
RESULTS
LR occurred in four patients (4.5%), LNM occurred in five patients (5.6%). Patients with LNM had a significantly shorter PFS time (16.1 months) compared with patients without LNM (154.2 months; P < .001). Tumor depth and size (T classification), incomplete resection, localization at the ear, deep maximal vertical infiltration, muscle and vessel invasion all showed significant (P < .05) associations with LR, LNM, and shorter PFS time. BSC showed more histologic features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), especially with regard to BerEP4 expression.
CONCLUSION
While histology shows some typical characteristics of BCC, the biologic behavior and aggressiveness of BSC are similar to those of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first study to show that LR and, especially, LNM indicate a higher risk of an unfavorable outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; Comorbidity; Disease Progression; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 25810014
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.01.007 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology Feb 2023Perianal basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is very rare and estimated to account for 0.08% of all BCC and 0.02% of all anorectal neoplasms. Perianal lesions are more likely to...
BACKGROUND
Perianal basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is very rare and estimated to account for 0.08% of all BCC and 0.02% of all anorectal neoplasms. Perianal lesions are more likely to be squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as BCC usually develops on areas of skin exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light such as the face and arms. Proper diagnosis with the assistance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains to distinguish the two entities can help inform the suitable course of treatment.
CASE DESCRIPTION
Our case is an 82-year-old male with a history of cutaneous BCC on the arms and trunk presenting with a symptomatic perianal lesion. Initial biopsy demonstrated BCC with subsequent IHC studies differentiating from basaloid SCC. Standard treatment includes wide local excision (WLE) but given his poor performance status, radiation only was recommended. He was successfully treated and tolerated 30 Gy in 5 daily fractions.
CONCLUSIONS
Radiation only is a unique and feasible non-surgical treatment for basosquamous carcinoma of the anus.
PubMed: 36915436
DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1244 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2022Familiarity with predictors of more aggressive behavior is crucial to the management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Risk factors for aggressive BCC are essentially... (Review)
Review
Familiarity with predictors of more aggressive behavior is crucial to the management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Risk factors for aggressive BCC are essentially divided into clinical and histopathologic factors. In this review we examine histopathologic features predictive of aggressiveness in BCC. The morpheaform, infiltrative, micronodular, metatypical, and basosquamous subtypes and BCC with sarcomatoid differentiation are classically considered predictive of aggressive behavior. However, 2 other features associated with aggressive BCC are perineural invasion (invasion of nerves below the dermis or nerves larger than 0.1mm in caliber) and subgaleal extension. While the former is well known and widely described in the literature, the latter is not generally recognized as a risk factor, even though it is predictive of highly aggressive behavior. In this review, we draw attention to its importance.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Humans; Risk Factors; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35339267
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.01.026 -
Biomedicines Oct 2023(BCC) is a skin cancer with low local aggressiveness and a low tendency to metastasize. (BSC) represents an aggressive histological subtype of BCC with intermediate...
(BCC) is a skin cancer with low local aggressiveness and a low tendency to metastasize. (BSC) represents an aggressive histological subtype of BCC with intermediate features between (SCC) and BCC. Cemiplimab is currently approved as first-line therapy in SCC and second-line therapy in BCC patients who have progressed on or are intolerant of a Hedgehog pathway Inhibitor (HHI). Our study describes the case of a 59-year-old man with BSC who was successfully treated with 5 cycles of Cemiplimab as first-line therapy and Sonidegib as second-line therapy. Currently, the efficacy of Cemiplimab against BSC and other histopathological subtypes of BCC has not been fully elucidated, as has the role of sequential or combination therapy with Cemiplimab and HHI in the management of BSC. The aim of this case report is to highlight the need to outline the use of checkpoint inhibitors in BCCs and focus attention on the synergistic role of Cemiplimab and HHIs in such a controversial entity as BSC.
PubMed: 38001904
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112903 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2023Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare malignancy usually arising on sun-exposed areas of the skin. BSCC is described as a rare variant of Basal cell carcinoma...
Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare malignancy usually arising on sun-exposed areas of the skin. BSCC is described as a rare variant of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) which shows clinical and microscopic features of both BCC and of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a cutaneous lesion of the nipple-areola complex (NAC); to the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever reported patient with BSCC in this area. The lesion had a fast growth, but, due to the COVID19 crisis, the patient only came to our observation one year after onset of this condition. Physical examination showed a bleeding red ulcerated lesion that involved the NAC, measuring 27 mm × 20 mm. Biopsy showed a BSCC. Pre-operative breast ultrasound scan, mammogram and MRI were all performed before surgery, which consisted of simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph-node biopsy. The patient was discharged home on the 4th post-operative day, and at 18-month follow-up there are no signs or clinical evidence of local recurrence or metastases. Diagnosis of BSCC of the nipple-areola complex requires high index of suspicion and a thorough differential diagnosis, management, and suitable radical treatment due to well described high rates of recurrence and of metastases. Differential diagnosis with similar lesions (e.g., Paget's disease, Bowen's disease, BCC, and SCC) should also be taken into account.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Nipples; Breast Neoplasms; Mastectomy; COVID-19; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36837518
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020316 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Nov 2019Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is an aggressive skin neoplasm with the features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While genetic drivers...
Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is an aggressive skin neoplasm with the features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While genetic drivers of BCC and SCC development have been extensively characterized, BSC has not been well studied, and it remains unclear whether these tumors originally derive from BCC or SCC. In addition, it is unknown which molecular pathways mediate the reprogramming of tumor keratinocytes toward basaloid or squamatized phenotypes. We sought to characterize the genomic alterations underlying sporadic BSC to elucidate the derivation of these mixed tumors. We identifed frequent Hedgehog (Hh) pathway mutations in BSCs, implicating Hh deregulation as the primary driving event in BSC. Principal component analysis of BCC and SCC driver genes further demonstrate the genetic similarity between BCC and BSC. In addition, 45% of the BSCs harbor recurrent mutations in the SWI/SNF complex gene, ARID1A, and evolutionary analysis revealed that ARID1A mutations occur after PTCH1 but before SCC driver mutations, indicating that ARID1A mutations may bestow plasticity enabling squamatization. Finally, we demonstrate mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and the loss of Hh signaling associated with the squamatization of BSCs. Overall, these results support the genetic derivation of BSCs from BCCs and highlight potential factors involved in modulating tumor reprogramming between basaloid and squamatized phenotypes.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Basosquamous; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Skin Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31207229
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1163